Philosophical roots of artificial intelligence : theoretical and practical foundations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63628/cdra.v238i1.158Resumen
La preocupación de la filosofía por la naturaleza del conocimiento, el razonamiento y la conciencia, la lógica, la percepción, el razonamiento moral, etc., ha desempeñado un papel fundamental en la configuración de los fundamentos de la Inteligencia Artificial y, de esta manera, sentó las bases para los modelos y algoritmos computacionales. de sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial. Si bien existen varios trabajos sobre la filosofía de la inteligencia artificial, este artículo se distingue por su estudio sobre la influencia de la filosofía en el desarrollo histórico de la inteligencia artificial. Se centra particularmente en las influencias de las obras de Aristóteles, Leonardo da Vinci, Blaise Pascal, Gottfried Leibniz, Thomas Hobbes, René Descartes, etc., cuyas nociones sobre lógica, matemáticas y cálculos sentaron las bases para los fundamentos computacionales de la IA. Para el logro de la finalidad y objetivos de este trabajo se adoptó los métodos histórico, temático y hermenéutico. El trabajo descubrió que la empresa filosófica está en el centro del desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial.
Referencias
Allen, J. F. (1998). AI growing up: the changes and opportunities. AI Magazine, 19(4), 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v19i4.1422
Anthony Grayling and Anthony Grayling (2024). Philosophy is crucial in the age of AI. Recuperado de https://cio.economictimes.indiatimes.com/amp/news/artificialintelligence/philosophy-is-crucial-in-the-age-of-ai/112233532
Aristotle (1933). *Metaphysics, Volume I: Books 1-9* (H. Tredennick, Trad.). Loeb Classical Library 271. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Aristotle (1970). Aristotle's Physics. Books 1 & 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Aristotle (1994). Aristotle's "De Anima". Leiden; New York: E. J. Brill.
Baumeister, Roy F., y Monroe, Andrew E. (2014). Recent Research on Free Will. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 50, 1-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800284-1.00001-1
Bhatnagar, S., et al. (2017). Mapping Intelligence: Requirements and Possibilities. En V. C. Müller (Ed.), Philosophy and Theory of Artificial Intelligence (pp. [¿?]). Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96448-5_13
Bishop, Morris (1936). Pascal, The life of genius. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock.
Bostrom, N., y Yudkowsky, E. (2014). The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. En K. Frankish y W. Ramsey (Eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence (pp. 316-334). New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139046855.020
Bringsjord, Selmer, y Govindarajulu, Naveen Sundar (2018). Artificial Intelligence. En Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (archivado). Recuperado de https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/artificial-intelligence/
Carus, Paul (1910). Person and personality. En Edward C. Hegeler (Ed.), The Monist, vol. 20. Chicago: Open Court Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.5840/monist191020324
Chapman, S. (1942). Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) Tercentenary of the calculating machine. Nature, 150, 508-509. https://doi.org/10.1038/150508a0
D' Ocagne, Maurice (1983). Annales du Conservatoire national des arts et métier, 2e série, tome 5, Le calcul simplifié (en francés). Paris: Gauthiers-Villars et files, Imprimeurs-Libraires.
Descartes, René (1996). Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
European Commission on AI (2018). A definition of Artificial Intelligence: main capabilities and scientific disciplines. Recuperado de https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/definition-artificial-intelligence-main-capabilities-and-scientific-disciplines
Felt, Dorr E. (1916). Mechanical arithmetic, or The history of the counting machine. Chicago: Washington Institute.
Frege, G. (1879). Anwendungen der Begriffsschrift. Sitzungsberichte der Jenaische Zeitschrift für Medicin und Naturwissenschaft, 13, 29-33.
Frege, G. (1882). Über die wissenschaftliche Berechtigung einer Begriffsschrift. Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik, 81, 48-56. [Traducción: On the Scientific Justification of a Conceptual Notation, 72, 83-89].
Frege, G. (1891). Funktion und Begriff. Vortrag, gehalten in der Sitzung der Jenaischen Gesellschaft für Medizin und Naturwissenschaft. Jena: Hermann Pohle.
Frege, G. (1892a). Über Begriff und Gegenstand. Vierteljahresschrift für wissenschaftliche Philosophie, 16, 192-205.
Frege, G. (1892b). Über Sinn und Bedeutung. Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik, 100, 25-50.
Freiberger, P. A., Swaine, Michael R., Hemmendinger, David, y Pottenger, William Morton (2024, 31 de agosto). Computer. Encyclopedia Britannica. Recuperado de https://www.britannica.com/technology/computer
George, B., y Gillis, A. S. (2023). What is the Turing Test? Recuperado de https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/Turing-test
Guertin, P. A. (2019). A novel concept introducing the idea of continuously changing levels of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Exploration and Research, 10(6), 406-412.
Hagendorff, Thilo (2020). The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence Ethics: An Evaluation of Guidelines. Minds and Machines, 30, 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-020-09517-8
Harnad, Stevan (2001). What's Wrong and Right About Searle's Chinese Room Argument. En J. Preston (Ed.), Views into the Chinese Room: New Essays on Searle and Artificial Intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Isaacson, W. (2017). Leonardo da Vinci. Rio de Janeiro: Publisher Intrinsic Ltda. [Nota: Clark, K. (2001). Leonardo da Vinci. Rio de Janeiro: Publishing House.]
Jaynes, J. (2000). The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Houghton Mifflin.
Kanu, I. A. (2011). African and Western Perspectives on Being in Metaphysics. AMAMIHE: Journal of Applied Philosophy, 9(1), 149-165.
Kanu, I. A. (2014a). Locke's Agnosticism Of Substance And Orthodox Christian Faith. AMAMIHE: Journal of Applied Philosophy, 12(1), 1-13.
Kanu, I. A. (2014b). Anglican Church Men, Descartes and John Locke on Innate Ideas: Religion and Philosophy In Dialogue. AMAMIHE: Journal of Applied Philosophy, 12(1), 91-99.
Kanu, I. A. (2015). Personal Identity: Theological and Philosophical Perspectives. AMAMIHE: Journal of Applied Philosophy, 13(1), 1-13.
Kanu, I. A. (2016). Extra Religio-metaphysical Concept of Freedom and Necessity in David Hume. AMAMIHE: Journal of Applied Philosophy, 14(1), 1-7.
Kanu, A. I., Addidi, T., y Kanu, C. C. (2024). Artificial intelligence and cybercrime in Nigeria: Towards an Ethical framework. Dialogue and Universalism, 32(1), 143-158. https://doi.org/10.5840/du202434115
Kanu, I. A., Pilani, M. P., y Omenukwa, P. C. (2024). Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, Biblical Wisdom and the Exodus (31:1-11) Narrative: Converging Perspectives. Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology, 45(3), 3030-3044.
Kidwell, Peggy Aldrich, Williams, Michael R., y Martin, Ernst (1992). The calculating machines: their history and development. MIT Press.
Kirsh, D. (1991). Foundations of AI: The big issues. Artificial Intelligence, 47, 3-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(91)90048-O
Kurzweil, R. (2005). The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. New York: Penguin Books.
Manning, C. (2020). Artificial intelligence definitions. Stanford: Stanford University.
McCarthy, J. (2018). The Philosophy of AI and the AI of Philosophy. Recuperado de http://jmc.stanford.edu/articles/aiphil2.html
McCarthy, J., Minsky, M., Rochester, N., y Shannon, C. E. (1955). A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v27i4.1904
McNamara & van de Putte (2022). Lead Section, § 1.2 The Traditional Scheme and the Modal Analogies. En Ribino & Lodato (Eds.), [Título del libro faltante].
Moor, J. (2006). The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty years. AI Magazine, 27(4), 87-89. https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v27i4.1911
Müller, Vincent C. (2023). Philosophy of AI: A structured overview. En Nathalie A. Smuha (Ed.), Cambridge Handbook on the Law, Ethics and Policy of Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009367783.004
Newell, A. (1980). Physical symbol systems. Cognitive Science, 4, 135-183. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog0402_2
Newell, A., y Herbert, A. S. (1976a). Computer Science as Empirical Enquiry: Symbols and Search. Recuperado de http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Bodies,%20Souls,%20and%20Robots/Texts/What%20is%20a%20physical%20symbol%20system.htm
Newell, A., y Simon, H. A. (1976b). Computer science as empirical inquiry – Symbols and search. Communications of the ACM, 19(3), 113-126. https://doi.org/10.1145/360018.360022
Nilsson, N. (2010). The Quest for Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819346
Onyiah, S. C., Ndubisi, J. O. E., y Kanu, A. I. (2024). Navigating the Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence through Carol Gilligan's Ethics of Care. Aquino Journal of Philosophy, 4(2), 1-12.
Oppy, Graham, y Dowe, David (2021). The Turing Test. En Edward N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Recuperado de https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/turing-test
Pain, A. (2003). Dartmouth Workshop, 1956: The Birthplace of Artificial Intelligence. Recuperado de https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/dartmouth-workshop-1956-birthplace-artificial-aritra-pain-raqmf
Polansky, R. (2007). Bibliography. En Aristotle's De Anima: A Critical Commentary. Cambridge University Press.
Ponovski, Antonion (2023). How Did Philosophy Help Develop Artificial Intelligence? Recuperado de https://www.thecollector.com/philosophy-artificial-intelligence-development
Roberts, Jacob (2016). Thinking Machines: The Search for Artificial Intelligence. Distillations, 2(2), 14-23.
Rochat, P. (2003). Five levels of self-awareness as they unfold early in life. Consciousness and Cognition, 12(4), 717-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8100(03)00081-3
Russell, Stuart J., y Norvig, Peter (2021). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Hoboken: Pearson.
Searle, John (1980). Minds, Brains and Programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(3), 417-457. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00005756
Sharma, R. R. (2008). Emotional Intelligence from 17th Century to 21st Century: Perspectives and Directions for Future Research. Vision, 12(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/097226290801200108
Solomonoff, R. J. (1985). The Time Scale of Artificial Intelligence; Reflections on Social Effects. Human Systems Management, 5, 149-153. https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-1985-5207
Taton, René (1963). Le calcul mécanique. Que sais-je? France: Presses universitaires de France.
Tegmark, M. (2017). Life 3.0: being human in the age of artificial intelligence (primera edición). London: Penguin Books Limited.
Turing, Alan (1950). Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind, LIX(236), 433-460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433
Vijay Kanade (2022). What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Definition, Types, Goals, Challenges, and Trends in 2022. Recuperado de https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/artificial-intelligence/articles/what-is-ai
Williams, Michael R. (1972). History of Computing Technology. Los Alamitos, California: IEEE Computer Society.
Wittgenstein, L. (1953). Philosophical investigations (Philosophische Untersuchungen). Macmillan.
Wittgenstein, L. (1998). Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Dover Publications.
Zalta, Edward N. (2024). Gottlob Frege. En Edward N. Zalta y Uri Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2024 Edition). Recuperado de https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2024/entries/frege/
